八年级上册侵权要负责训练
1、部编八年级上册政治知识点
一个人的知识面是一个圆圈,知识储备越多,圆圈越大,接触到的面积便越广阔,便能掌握和窥视更多的机会。下面我给大家分享一些部编 八年级 上册政治知识点,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
部编八年级上册政治知识1
网络生活新空间
1、网络的利与弊?
答:利(积极):
(1)网络丰富日常生活(对个人)
①网络让我们日常生活中的信息传递和交流变得方便迅速;
②网络改变了我们的通信方式打破了传统 人际交往 的时空限制,促进了人际交往;
③网络让我们的生活变得更加便利和丰富多彩。
(2)网络推动社会进步(对社会)
①网络为经济发展注入新的活力。 ②网络促进了民主政治的进步。
③网络为 文化 传播和科技创新搭建新平台。
弊(消极):
①网络信息良莠不齐。网络时代,信息变得丰富的同时,出现了一些虚假的、不良的信息。
②沉迷于网络,影响学习、工作和生活。一些人沉迷于网络、虚拟交往而疏离了现实的人际关系。
③个人隐私容易被侵犯。侵犯个人隐私的行为给被侵权人造成困扰和伤害,给社会带来恐慌和不安。
2、中学生迷恋网络的负面影响有哪些?
答:①影响思想道德观念趋向; ②影响现实人际交往; ③影响身心健康成长。
3、网络谣言有什么危害?
答:①网络谣言加剧社会恐慌;②引发社会信任危机;③损害国家形象;④侵犯公民或社会组织的个体权利;⑤污染了网络环境;⑥扰乱了公共秩序;⑦败坏了社会风气;
4、怎样防范网络谣言?
答:①国家:制定相关的法律法规; ②社会:加强对网络的监督和管理;③网民:广大网民要自觉遵守网络道德和法律,不信谣,不传谣,并勇于同破坏网络环境的行为作斗争。
5、如何预防网络诈骗?
答:①提高警惕,不轻信网络; ②不在网络上随意透露个人信息;
③增强辨别是非的能力,提高自我保护意识。
6、如何理性参与网络生活?
答:①我们要提高媒介素养,积极利用互联网获取新知、闭毁岁促进沟通、完善自我。
②我们要注意浏览、寻找与学习、工作有关的信息,不应该在无关信息面前停留,不应该在无聊信息上浪费精力,更不可沉溺于网络轿睁,要学会“信息节食”。
③我们要学会辨析网络信息,让谣言止于智者,自觉抵制暴力、色情、恐怖等不良信息。
④自觉遵守道德和法律,做一名负责的网络参与者。(恪守道德、遵守法律是网络生活的基本准则。)
7、如何传播网络正能量?
①充分利用网络平台为社会发展建言献策。
②我们要在网上传播正能量。我们要践行社会主义核心价值观,不断提高网络媒介素养,共同培育积极健康、向上向善的网络文化,让网络公共空间充满正能量,高扬主旋律。
部编八年级上册政治知识2
丰富的社会生活
1、我们可以通过哪些方式了解社会生活?(哪些是我们可以参与的社会生活?)
答:到农村、工厂、商场感受社会生活;到社区进行社会调查;阅读报纸、收看电视、上网查询参观博物馆、观看升旗仪式等等。
2、社会生活的特点?
社会生活绚丽多彩。
3、感受社会生活的意义? (积极了解社会有什么积极意义?)答:①感受到社会生活是绚丽多彩的,我们会跟越来越多的人打交道,对社会生活的感受越来越丰富,认识越来越深刻;②我们会更加关注社区治理,并献计献策;③会更加关心国家发余衫展,或为之自豪,或准备为之分忧。我们正是在了解社会、参与社会的过程中得到成长,走向成熟。
4、个人与社会的关系是怎样的?
答:①个人是社会的有机组成部分,我们都是社会的一员,每个人都是社会这张“大网”上的一个“结点”。②人的身份是在社会关系中确定的。在不同的社会关系中,我们具有不同的身份。
5、几种主要的社会关系
答:?血缘关系:以血亲或生理联系为基础而形成的社会关系。(如家庭成员)?地缘关系:直接建立在人们空间与地理位置关系基础上的社会关系。(如邻居、老乡等)?业缘关系:以人们广泛的社会分工为基础而形成的社会关系。(如同学、同桌、同事等)
6、为什么说个人要在社会课堂中成长?
答:①人的成长是不断社会化的过程。②通过父母的抚育、同伴的帮助、老师的教诲和社会的关爱等,我们的知识不断丰富,能力不断提高,规则意识不断增强,价值观念日渐养成,我们逐步成长为一名合格的社会成员。③人的生存和发展离不开社会,每个人都从社会中获得物质支持和精神滋养。
7、亲社会行为的含义和表现有哪些?
答:含义:指人们在社会交往中,表现出来的一切有利于社会和他人的行为。(如帮助、分享、合作、安慰、捐赠、同情、关心、谦让、互助等。)表现:谦让、分享、帮助他人、关心社会发展等。青少年亲社会的行为表现在多方面:遵守规则、爱护环境、团结同学、互相谦让、彼此分享、帮助他人、关心社会发展等。
8、为什么要养成亲社会行为?
答:①青少年处于走向社会的关键时期,我们应该树立积极的生活态度,关注社会,了解社会,服务社会,养成亲社会行为。②养成亲社会行为,有利于我们养成良好的行为习惯,塑造健康的人格,形成正确的价值观念,获得他人和社会的接纳与认可。③我们只有主动关心社会,积极融入社会,奉献社会,才能实现自己的人生价值。
9、如何养成亲社会行为?
答:①亲社会行为在人际交往和 社会实践 中养成。(养成的途径)
②主动了解社会,关注社会发展变化,积极投身于社会实践。
③在社会生活中,我们要遵守社会规则和习俗,
④热心帮助他人
部编八年级上册政治知识3
责任与角色同在
1、责任的含义和来源?答:责任是一个人分内应该做的事情。责任来自对他人的承诺、职业要求、道德规范、法律规定等。如:分配的任务,如老师布置的作业;公民的身份,如不做有损国家尊严和利益的事情,等。
2、角色与责任的关系是怎样的?(角色不同,责任不同;角色越多,责任越多)答:①在社会生活的舞台上,每个人都扮演着不同的角色。②随着时代发展和所处环境的变化,我们会不断变换自己的角色,调节角色的行为。③每一种角色都意味着承担相应的责任。
3、如何扮演好自己的角色?
答:①作为子女,孝敬父母是我们的责任;②作为学生,遵守学校纪律、认真学习是我们的责任;③作为社会的一员,我们应该遵守社会规则,维护公共秩序;④作为中华儿女,我们应该做到“位卑未敢忘忧国”,心系祖国的前途和命运
4、如何承担责任?
答:①对自己:首先要对自己负责。
②对他人:对他人负责,应该学会感恩,主动关心、帮助和服务他人;(父母、老师、朋友)
③对社会:自觉遵守社会规则,维护公共秩序。
④对国家:遵纪守法,维护祖国的尊严和荣誉,心系祖国的前途和命运。
5、作为社会的一员,我们每个人首先要对自己负责。
6、对自己负责的原因及要求?
答:原因:①只有对自己负责的人,才能使自己的潜能得到充分挖掘和发挥,才能有资格、有能力、有信心承担起时代和国家所赋予的使命。
要求:在我们成长的过程中,小到按时完成作业、为自己的一次约定守时,大到终身信守承诺 、认真做事,都是对自己责任的表现。
7、对他人负责的原因及要求?
答:原因:①很多人在为我们的成长和幸福生活承担着责任。②只有人人具有责任心,自觉履行应尽的责任,我们才能共享更加幸福美好的生活。
要求:我们应该学会感恩,主动关心、帮助和服务他人,在辛苦付出中体验对他人负责的快乐和幸福。
8、承担责任的代价和回报是什么?
答:①承担责任的付出(代价):不仅意味着付出时间、精力和金钱,而且意味着可能因为做的不好而受到责备,甚至受到处罚。②承担责任的回报:物质回报和精神回报,如良好的自我感觉、获得新的知识和技能、赢得他人的尊重和赞许等。更重要的是精神方面的回报。
9、如何做一个负责任的人?
答:①自己可以选择,要不言代价与回报。对承担责任的代价与回报做出正确的评估,作出合理的选择。一旦做出选择,就应该义无反顾地担当起应付的责任。(评估不是斤斤计较)②不是自愿选择,做到我承担,我无悔。自觉承担相应的责任,改变自己对待应该做的事情的态度,不抱怨、不懈怠,全身心地投入,同样能够把事情做得很出色。③努力提升自身素质,增强履行责任的能力,勇于承担责任。
10、如何评价承担社会责任的人?(例如:秦玥飞、屠呦呦、袁隆平等) 答:①具有高度的社会责任感;②不言代价与回报的奉献精神;③敬业、诚信、等良好的道德素质;④爱国主义情操等。(可结合具体人物谈特有的品质) 意义:正是因为他们敢于承担责任、敢于担当,我们的生活才更加安全、更加温暖、更加充满阳光和希望。
部编八年级上册政治知识4
社会生活讲道德
1、为什么要学会尊重他人? (孟子说:“敬人者,人恒敬之。”尊重是相互的)
答:①尊重是交往的起点,尊重他人是一个人内在修养的外在表现。尊重他人的人格、权利等。
②每个人都是有尊严的个体,都希望得到他人和社会的尊重。(对个体)
③尊重使社会生活和谐融洽。尊重是维系良好人际关系的前提,是文明社会的重要特征。(对社会)
2、为什么每个人都希望得到他人和社会的尊重?
答:受到他人尊重能够增强自尊、自信,产生良好的心理体验,如满足感、成就感等。相反,如果得不到他人的尊重与认可,往往会产生自卑感、挫败感等。
3、如何尊重他人?
答:①积极关注、重视他人。对他人的疑惑给予细致的解答,对他人的请求给予热情的帮助。
②平等对待他人。我们每个人在人格和法律地位上都是平等的,对所有人要一视同仁,不能以家庭、身体、智能、性别等原因而轻视、歧视他人。
③学会换位思考。要设身处地为他人着想,不把自己的意志强加给他人,体会他人的感受,理解他人的难处,包容他人。(己所不欲,勿施于人)
④学会欣赏他人。我们要善于发现他人的潜质和特长,真诚地欣赏和赞美他人的优点和闪光点,给予他人积极的评价。
4、礼的主要表现有:礼主要体现在语言文明、仪表端庄、举止文明等方面。
5、为什么待人要以礼为先?(文明有礼的重要性?)
答:①礼体现一个人的尊重、谦让、与人为善等良好品质。
②文明有礼是一个人立身处世的前提。文明有礼是一个人思想道德素质、科学文化素质和交际能力的外在表现。文明有礼会使人变得优雅可亲,更容易赢得他人的尊重和认可。
③文明有礼促进社会和谐。文明有礼有助于人们友好交往,增进人们的团结友爱,有利于形成安定有序、文明祥和的社会。
④文明有礼体现国家形象。我们的一言一行都体现了国家形象,我们举行的各种仪式,体现了民族的尊严和国家的形象。
6、如何做文明有礼的人?
答:①要态度谦和,用语文明。(“良言一句三冬暖,恶语伤人六月寒”)
②要仪表整洁、举止端庄。良好的举止反映我们高雅的气质。要求:做到着装得体、举止稳重、彬彬有礼、落落大方。
③需要在社会生活中不断学习、观察、思考和践行。从小事做起,从细节做起,努力做一个懂礼、明礼、守礼的人。我们要影响和带动身边的人,共同创建文明有礼的社会风尚。
7、为什么要讲诚信?
答:①诚信是社会主义核心价值观在公民个人层面的一个价值准则,是一种道德规范和品质,是中华民族的传统美德。诚信也是一项民法原则。
②诚信是一个人安身立命之本,是我们融入社会的“通行证”。
③诚信是企业的无形资产。一个企业只有坚持诚信经营、诚信办事,才能塑造良好的形象和信誉,赢得客户;才能带来持久的效益,长盛不衰。
④诚信促进社会文明、国家兴旺。国无信则衰,社会成员之间以诚相待、以信为本,能够增进社会互信,减少社会矛盾,净化社会风气,促进社会和谐;能够降低社会交往和市场交易成本,积累社会资本;能够提高国家的形象和声誉,增强国家的文化软实力。
8、如何践行诚信?
答:自己:①树立诚信意识。
②运用诚信智慧。遵循伦理原则和法律要求,既恪守诚实的要求,又尊重他人隐私(善意的谎言)。
③珍惜个人的诚信记录。以诚实守信为荣,以见利忘义为耻,摒弃各种不诚信行为,从身边的小事做起,如不撒谎,不抄袭作业,考试不作弊等。
④积极参加各种以诚信为主题的活动,用自己美好的人格和行为为建设诚信的社会增添光彩。
他人:经营者坚守诚实守信原则,诚信经营,依法规范自身行为。
社会:加强宣传 教育 与思想道德建设工作,营造良好的诚实守信氛围。
政府:履行好监管职责,加大监督检查力度,严厉打击不法经营行为。
部编八年级上册政治知识5
社会生活离不开规则
1、社会秩序的含义及分类:社会秩序是社会生活的一种有序化状态,常见的社会秩序包括:社会管理秩序、生产秩序、交通秩序和公共场所秩序。
2、为什么社会生活需要社会秩序?
答:①社会正常运行需要秩序。每个社会成员都有生存和发展的需要,只有大家有序地占据一定的社会资源和承担相应的社会责任,才能避免混乱、减少障碍、化解矛盾,从而提高社会运行效率,降低社会管理成本。
②社会秩序是人民安居乐业的保障。社会秩序营造良好的社会环境。在有序、整洁、安全的社会环境中,我们享有人身自由和财产安全,享有公平的发展机遇,从而能够感受到生活的美好,激发对生活的热情。
3、社会规则的含义及分类:社会规则是人们为了维护有秩序的社会环境,在逐渐达成默契与共识的基础上形成的。生活中,调节我们行为的规则有很多,如道德、纪律、法律、习俗等。
4、为什么说维护社会秩序要靠社会规则?(社会规则的作用)
答:①社会规则明确社会秩序的内容。规则告诉我们应该如何安排社会生活各方面的关系;如何作为社会一员享有权利,承担责任,处理好与他人、社会的关系,从而使大家各司其职,各安其位,各尽其责,各得其所。②社会规则保障社会秩序的实现。对违反社会规则行为的处罚,既有法律、纪律等规定的强制性 措施 ,也有道德、风俗等包含的非强制性手段。
5、自由与规则的关系如何?
答:①自由和规则不可分,社会规则划定了自由的边界。自由不是随心所欲,它受到道德、纪律、法律等社会规则的约束。公民在行使自由和权利的时候,不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利。②社会规则是人们享有自由的保障。人们建立规则的目的不是为了限制自由,而是保证每个人不越过自由的边界,促进社会有序运行。
6、如何自觉遵守规则?
答:①遵守社会规则需要他律和自律。(他律:监督、提醒、奖惩等外在的约束;自律:严于律己,不断自我反省,克服不良行为,自觉遵守规则)②遵守社会规则,需要我们发自内心地敬畏规则,将规则作为自己行动的准绳。将规则内化于心、外化于行。
7、如何维护和改进规则?
答:①我们要坚定维护规则。一方面要从自己做起,自觉遵守社会规则;另一方面要在保护自身安全的基础上,提醒、监督、帮助他人遵守规则。②我们要积极改进规则。规则不是一成不变的,有的规则需要制定,有的需要废除,有的需要修改和完善。我们要积极参与规则的的改进和完善,善于与他人沟通交流、寻求共识,积极为新规则的形成建言献策,使之更加符合人民的利益和社会发展的要求。
8、生活中看到不遵守规则的现象要怎么做?
答:①从自己做起,以身作则; ②以宣传劝导为主,引导规范人们的行为; ③国家设定相关的行政法规约束不文明合理行为。9、劝导的技巧有哪些?
答:①有礼,劝导他人时最好先称呼对方,语言文明,态度和善。②有理,劝导时要晓之以理。 ③有节,劝导时要注意适可而止。
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★ 八年级上册政治知识点小结
2、仁爱版英语八年级上册期末训练试题?
仁爱版英语八年级上册的期末考试快到了,这时候我们可以找一些训练题来巩固知识。下面是我为大家带来的关于仁爱版英语八年级上册的期末训练试题,供大家参考裂段。
仁爱版英语八年级上册期末训练试卷题目Ⅰ.词汇10分
A根据句意及所给首字母,完成单词每题1分,共5分
1.Mr.Fat is a r man. He can buy everything he wants.
2.Jim Green is a foreigner. But he can travel to China easily because he has a p .
3.Yaoming is an e basketball player. He plays basketball very well in NBA.
4.The beautiful glass is b , so Mrs.Green has to buy another one.
5.Maria’s Father is a good worker. He can c the machine机器 easily.
6. The teacher came in with a big s_____. She was so happy.
7 Stupid is another way of saying s_____.
8. The medicine tasted b_____ and the boy spat it out吐出。
9. Follow the doctor’s a______ and you will get well soon.
10. Think it over before making important d_____, especially when you are in a bad mood.
B根据句意及所给汉语意思,完成句子每题1分,共5分
1.You can 打电话给me if you get to Fuzhou. I will meet you.
2. 起初,we didn’t like swimming at all.
3.Mrs.Lee is 对……严格要求us. Sh e often makes us do lots of homework.
4.I am not a child any more. I can 处理 my own business事情.
5.Don’t 放弃,you’ll succeed soon.
6. My father ______ ______ ______ 对……感到满意 my good results at school.
7. We will ______ ______轮流 to clean our classroom.
冲源渗 8. You can ______ ______打电话给 me if you get to Fuzhou. I will meet you.
9. Our math teacher is very patient and explains things to us _____ _____ _____ _____. 一次又一次。
散脊10. ______ ______ ______ 别急! We will help you.
Ⅱ.选择填空15分
1.The boring film on TV make me to sleep.
A.wants B.to want C.want
2.Michael often spends his weekends his grandparents.
A.with B.in C.on
3.“It’s a piece of good news.” “Yes. good news it is!”
A.What B.What a C.How
4.Love Me Once More, Mom is so that I cry again and again.
A.moved B.moving C.moves
5.The man is so sad because the poor business.
A.for B.of C.at
6.A: Why is the woman worried? B: she lost her little son.
A.So B.Since C.Because
7.Mr.Lee will be happy because he will have tickets Titanic.
A.to B.in C.on
8.Jane looks so because she has a wonderful pet dog.
A.exciting B.excite C.excited
9.A: What Helen ? B: She is helpful. She always helps others in need.
A.is; like B.does; look like C.looks; like
10.Study hard, or your mother will worry about falling others.
A.before B.behind C.into
11.There is in Today’s newspaper. It’s ll.
A.nothing new B.new nothing C.everything new
12.It is important for us English well.
A.studying B.study C.to study
13.A: Tony won 200 metres race in our school sports meeting B: .
A.Do well B.Well done C.Does well
14.Mr. Lee wants me to give in front of the class every day.
A.speak B.speech C.a speech
15.We can’t make before we think it over carefully.
A.decide B.decision C.a decision
16. The dish _____ nice.
A. sounds B. *** ells C. feels
17. I felt tired ______ I worked late last night.
A. because B. when C. if
18. He is not as ______ as his younger brother.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest
19. — My watch ______. — Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost and Found.
A. is lost B. is broken C. has found
20. Don’t worry. There is ______ time to go.
A. some B. few C. little
21. He said ______ his English teacher last year.
A. thanks to B. thanks for C. thank
22. My mother usually gets used to ______ late.
A. go to bed B. go ing to bed C. getting to the bed
23. The *** ile on her face shows that she is ______ her work.
A. worried about B. pleased with C. sorry for
24. All the children like Mr. White very much because he often makes them _____.
A. laughed B. laugh C. laughing
25. We must ______ our clas *** ates at school.
A. got along with B. get along with C. get along
26. The old man feels ______ and ______.
A. alone; disappointed B. lonely; disappointed C. lonely; disappointing
27. I hope everything ______ well.
A. goes B. go C. gone
28. The teacher explained it ______ the students carefully.
A. to B. with C. at
29. Listening to music is a good way to help us be more ______ .
A. relaxed B. relax C. relaxing
30. Think it over before ______ important decisions.
A. to make B. make C. making
Ⅳ.综合填词8分
用所给词的正确形式填空
Last year an __1__ man came to visit us. He is Russian Preseident Vladimir Putin. Putin was born in st. Peter *** urg, Russia’s second 2 city, in 1952. He came to office in 2000. Four years later, he was a gain the _ _3 .
Putin does a good job _4 __ Russia great. People say that he is serious and capable有能力的. But young Putin wasn ’t a top student at all. His student’s books and diaries from 40 years ago show this. At a time when the top mark 5 five, Putin got three for math and science. His art was even 6 , only two. He sometimes, forgot __7 his math homework. Once he forgot to wear school uniform. His teacher had to ask him to get out of the classroom. But Putin did very well in the moral class品德课. He always got full marks. He also 8 a strong love of Russia at an early age.
Ⅴ.看图完成对话,每空一词7分
Mother: Kate! It’s late. Why are you still in bed? You must get up and get ready for 1 . If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.
Kate: I don’t 2 very well.
Mother: Oh dear! What’s wrong?
Kate: I don’t __3 . My head hurts.
Mother: Really? If you are __4 , you’ll have to_ 5 the doctor.
Kate: Can I have some breakfast first?
Mother: No, you _6_ eat anything until you see the doctor.
Kate: Mom, I feel a little __7 now.
Ⅵ.完形填空10分
A
The following is what Elsa from the Swedish Rock Band writes about her father.
My father was born in Stockholm in 1948. He 1 there for eighteen years. He was good at languages, 2 he wasn’t good at science. He liked sports, and his 3 sport was football. In 1958, when he was 4 years old, the Football World Cup was in Sweden. He went to see many of them. When he was 15 years old, he started to play for Liverpod—a famous English team. He met my mother in Liverpod, and they got 5 in 1967.
1.A.went B.lived C.got
2.A.so B.and C.but
3.A.favorite B.good C.hard
4.A.15 B.12 C.10
5.A.married B.paid C.hurt
B
Everyone likes to live in a clean and fortable environment. If the enviroment is 6 , it will make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we don’t want to 7 , we have to stay in bed and rest at 8 . So the environment is very important to us. It is germs细菌that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere. They are very *** all and we can’t 9 them with our own eyes. To keep us healthy, we should try our best to make our environment bee cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act 10 .
6.A.bad B.good C.nice
7.A.sleep B.drink C.work
8.A.school B.home C.hotels
9.A.feel B.find C.get
10.A.together B.slowly C.quietly
Ⅶ.阅读理解15分
A
My sister is an air hostess空中小姐.
Yesterday morning my sister was at the back of the plane. She was going to take food and drinks to the passengers. A little old woman came up to her and said, “Could you please tell me where the Ladies’ Room is?”
“Certainly, Madam.” answered my sister,“It’s right at the other end of the plane in the front.”
The old woman went too far. She walked all the way to the front of the plane, opened the door in front of her and saw the captain 机长and his workmates in the *** all room. They were all busy with their work and didn’t see her. She went out again and came back to my sister.
“Oh, didn’t you find it?”asked my sister.
“Yes, I did.” said the little old woman,“But there were four men in the Ladies’ Room watching TV!”
1. My sister works .
A.in a plane B.in a shop C.in a train
2.My sister’s ty is .
A.to take food and drinks to the passengers乘客
B.to show the toilets to the passengers C.to help the passengers
3.The old woman didn’t know where the Ladies’ Room was because .
A.She travelled by plane for the first time
B.She wanted to talk with my sister C.There weren’t any toilets in the plane
4.The old woman went in the .
A.Men’s room B.control cabin驾驶舱 C.sitting room
5.The old woman thought .
A.the four men watched TV in the Ladies’ Room
B.my sister fooled 捉弄her C.the Ladies’ Room was at the back of the plane
B
Maria, Jane and Mary
Maria was very happy. She was at a new school, and the students were friendly. “Hi, Maria!” they said. But some students said, “Hi, Jane!” Maria didn’t understand. She asked another student. “Why do some students call me Jane?”“Oh,” t he student said, “Jane was a student here last year. Now she goes to a different school. You look like Jane. So some students think that you’re Jane.”
Maria wanted to see Jane. She got Jane’s adderss from a student and went to Jane’s house. Maria couldn’t believe her eyes. She really looked like Jane! They had the same colour eyes and the same *** ile. They had the same black hair and their birthdays were on the same day. And they were both adopted领养by two different families.
Later Maria and Jane found out that they were twin sisters. Soon after the girls were born, one family adopted Maria, and another family adopted Jane. Maria’s family never know about Jane and Jane’s family never know about Maria.
Maria and Jane’s story was in the newspaper. There was a photo of Maria and Jane next to the story. A girl named Mary saw the photo in the newspaper. Mary couldn’t believe her eyes. She really looked like Maria and Jane! And she, too, was adopted by a third family.
Later Mary met Maria and Jane. When Maria and Jane saw Mary, they were very surprised. Mary really looked like them! Why did Mary look like Maria and Jane? You can guess. Maria and Jane are not twins. Maria Jane and Mary are triplets三胞胎.
1. Maria was at the new school.
A.sorry B.happy C.sad
2.Some students thought .
A.Jane was Maria B.Maria was Mary C.Maria was Jane
3.Maria saw Jane .
A.in Jane’s house B. at school C.in the classroom
4.Mary knew the story from .
A.the newspaper B.a book C.other people
5.Maria, Jane and Mary were .
A.clas *** ates B.sisters Cins
C
A man saw a boy standing beside a lake with a mirror 镜子.“Excuse me,” he said, “but could you tell me what you’re doing?”
“I’m fishing.”
“With a mirror? Could you tell me how it works?”the man asked.
“OK, but I want five dollars.”
The man wanted to know the secret very much, so he handed the boy the money.“Now show me how it works,” he said. “Well”, the boy began, “you hold 拿 the mirror towards the water, and when a fish goes by, the sunlight in the mirror gives him a surprise. He stops and doesn’t know what to do, and then you catch him at once. ”The man was surprised, “Can you really catch fish with the mirror? How many did you catch?”
“You’re the fifth today!” replied the boy.
阅读上面短文,然后判断句子正T误F。
1.The man wanted to look at the boy’s mirror.
2.The man gave the boy five dollars.
3.The boy caught five fish that day.
4.The boy got fifteen dollars that day.
5.When the man heard the boy’s words, he would be very happy.
Ⅷ.书面表达10分
[提示]昨天5月13日,星期天,是母亲节,我在花园里摘了些鲜花,送给母亲。爸爸到商店为她买了一条漂亮的女裙和一条项链。下午我们一起去看京剧,晚上我们一起去位于市中心的餐馆吃饭。
[提示词]Beijing Opera京剧 necklace项链
要求:按上面提示及提示词,根据题目,写一篇语句通顺的短文。70~80词。
3、2012年八月第一版仁爱英语八年级上册同步练习册答案 河南大学出版社Unit1 Topic1随堂巩固答案
2012年八年级 仁爱英语同步练习册答案 河南大学出版
4、谁有八年级上册政治复习资料
八年级思想品德上册期末复习提纲
第一单元 相亲相爱一家人
第一课 爱在屋檐下
孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德。
1、家庭的含义:P5
2、家庭类型:核心家庭、主干家庭、单亲家庭、联合家庭
3、家庭关系的确立:结婚、生育、收养、再婚。
4、你如何理解与父母的亲情?P6
5、孝敬父母
(1)孝敬父母是中华民族的传统美德;
(2)孝敬父母是道德和法律的要求,是我们的天职
(3)孝敬父母就是子女对父母的尊敬、侍奉和赡养。其中最重要的是敬重和爱戴父母。
(3)我们应如何孝敬父母?P16
6、几个重要认识:
(1)父母做出不道德的事情或违法的事情我们应如何做?P17
(2)对父母的长辈我们应如何对待?为什么?P17
第二课 我与父母交朋友
1、青春期我们与父母之间产生矛盾的原因是什么?
(1)进入青春期 ,我们有了自己的思想渴望独立,渴望重视,甚至挑战父母权威;
(2)父母还把我们当小孩,不放心、唠叨、责怪,于是矛盾产生了。
2、如何正确认识我们与父母之间的矛盾?P21
3、代沟、逆反心理
(1)我们与父母的年龄差距,是产生代沟的直接原因,代沟的实质是反映在年龄差异背后的多重代际差异。
(1)逆反心理的主要表现:P21
(2)怎样正确认识我们的逆反心理?P21
4、我们怎样正确对待与父母的代沟和矛盾?
(1)要走进父母,亲近父母,努力跨越代沟,与父母携手同行;
(2)学会与父母沟通商量。通过商量,弄清分歧,找到双方都能接受的办法。通过沟通,我们就能得到父母的理解,甚至改变家长的意见。
(3)把握与父母沟通的要领:彼此了解是前提,尊重理解是关键。理解父母的有效方法是换位思考,沟通的结果是求同存异。
5、与父母交往的艺术:
(1)赞赏父母,交往起来无烦恼;
(2)认真聆听,交往起来免误会;
(3)帮助父母,交往起来无障碍;
(4)在家庭交往中,与父母不必太计较。即使父母错了,也要原谅,不必争个高下输赢不可。
第二单元 师友结伴同行
第三课 同侪携手共进
1、人际交往的意义:
与学生积极交往,友谊之辩没树才能常青,自我开放,我们的性格会更加开朗,人生更加精彩。
2、一个受欢迎的人应有的品德:真诚、善良、负责任、热情、友好、幽默等
3、如何认识友情?
朋大贺友带给我们温暖、支持和力量,我们要珍惜友谊;对于友情,我们要慎重理智的把握,才能获得更多的朋友,得到真正的友谊。
4、交友的原则:
(1)平等互惠,(2)宽容理解;(2)交友时不能以牺牲原则为代价维持所谓的友谊;(3)乐交诤友,善交益友。
5、青春期男女生交往
(1)为什么要与异性交往?
(2)男女生如何正常、健康地交往?
①既要相互尊重,又要自重自爱;
②既要开放自己,又要掌握分寸;
③既要主动热情,又要注意交往的方式、场合、时间和频率。
6、青春期的情感
(1)认识:进入青春期以后,男女同学之间产生好感和爱慕之情,这是正常、自然而又美丽的事。
(2)如何对待?
男女同学之间的情感,我们要谨慎对待,理智处理,学会选择,学会承担责任,学会保护自己。
第四课 老师伴我成长
1、认识老师
(1)师生交往的重要性:
师生交往不仅影响我们 的学习质量,而且影响我们的身心发展。尊敬老师是我们应有的品德。
(2)老师是人类文明的传播者,是人类灵魂的工程师。即使在信息技术迅速发展的今天,老师的作用仍不可代替。
(3)老师教我们做人的道理,解除我们的烦恼和忧愁,老师在教我们知识的同时,也教我们学习的方法,激发我们学习的热情,老师在我们成长中起着不可替代的作用。
(4)与老师建立和谐的师生关系,就能快乐地学习,更快地进步。
2、师生交往新观念:
新型的师生关系是建立在民主平等的基础上,师生之间人格平等,互相尊重,互相学习,教学相长,老师是我们学习的合作者、引导者和参与者,是我们的朋友。
3、滚灶派主动沟通是师生交往的前提,沟通产生理解,理解产生信任。
4、与老师沟通的具体方法:
(1)从老师的角度看问题,学会换位思考;
(2)正确对待老师的表扬和批评,做到有则改之,无则加勉;
(3)原谅老师的错误,以恰当的方式指出老师的错误,不伤害老师;
(4)礼貌待师;
(5)注意场合;
(6)把握好分寸。
第三单元 我们的朋友遍天下
第五课 多元文化“地球村”
1、不同国家的文化差异:
肯德基——美国 郁金香——荷兰 埃菲尔铁塔——法国
长城——中国 和服——日本 悉尼歌剧院——澳大利亚
燕窝——泰国 金字塔——埃及 泰姬陵-——印度
通心粉——意大利 探戈——阿根廷 足球——巴西
2、如何对待不同国家和民族的文化?
不同国家和民族的文化没有优劣之别,我们要以平等的态度与其他国家和民族的人民交流,既尊重本民族文化的价值,又尊重其他民族文化的价值。
3、如何对待不同文化的差异?P60
第六课 网络交往新时空
1、网络交往的特点:无限性、两面性、先进性、危险性。
2、网络交往的两面性:
(1)优势:快捷、方便,扩大了交往面,开阔了眼界,实现自身价值等;
(2)负面影响:长时间上网影响身心健康,沉迷网络荒废学业,诱惑欺诈、违法违纪等
3、网络成瘾者的心里成因:(P71)
4、网络交往中应怎样保护自己?(P72)
5、网络交往要遵守哪些规则?
(1)网上不能为所欲为,(2)网络交往要遵守道德,(3)上网要 遵守法律.。
6、如何文明上网?(P74~75)
7、对待网络交往,我们青少年应该怎么办?
作为青少年,我们必须树立远大理想,勤奋学习,勤于思考,把网络作为先进的工具,作为生活的补充。我们必须自觉规范自己的网络行为,依法上网,文明上网,努力净化网络环境,让其成为人们生活学习的另一个空间。
第四单元 交往艺术新思维
第七课 友好交往礼为先
1、礼貌和礼仪是个人素养最直接的外现形式,也是交往的最前沿。做到言谈举止彬彬有礼,是我们赢得别人尊重的前提,也是成功交往的条件之一。
2、文明礼貌的重要性:(P79)
3、语言文明、态度亲和、举止端庄是与人友好交往必备的素养,也是礼貌待人的体现。
4、礼貌用语的要求:
(1)说话和气,不强词夺理,不恶语伤人;
(2)谈吐文雅,不说粗话脏话;
(3)与人交谈时,要谦逊、尊重对方,多用商量的口吻说话,不要盛气凌人,也不要说大话。
5、社交活动要注意的问题:
一是容貌清洁,二是服装整洁、美观、大方,三是举止规范。
6、礼仪的重要性:
礼仪不仅仅是一种形式,而且是一个人、一个集体乃至一个国家精神文明的象征。自觉做到讲礼仪,不仅关系到我们自身的形象,而且直接关系到周围的人,关系到我们的集体,甚至关系到我们民族和国家的形象。
7、按礼仪要求做的好处:(P84)
8、如何对待传统礼仪?如何对待少数民族的礼仪?(P87、P88)
第八课 竞争合作求双赢
1、竞争的积极作用和消极作用:(P90)
2、对忌妒心理的认识:忌妒心理是一种微妙、强烈而又隐蔽的消极情感,是拿别人的成绩惩罚自己的消极心理,对我们发展有很大的危害。
3、竞争过程中必须遵守的基本准则是道德和法律。
4、竞争的目的在于超越自我,开发潜能,激发学习热情,提高工作效率,取长补短,共同进步。
5、合作与共享的关系:合作是共享的基础,共享是合作的必然结果。
6、合作的核心是发扬集体主义精神。
7、“863精神”的核心是“团结协作的奉献精神”
8、合作的重要性:
合作能聚集力量、启发思维、开阔视野、激发创造性,并能培养同情心、利他心和奉献精神一个具有合作精神、合作能力的人,也容易获得他人的支持和帮助获得成功。
9、合作中竞争的内涵:
一方面,团体的通力合作鼓励各个成员间相互竞争;另一方面,成员间相互竞争促进团体竞争力的提高。
10、怎样在合作中竞争?(P96)
11、全新的竞争理念:(P97)
12、如何面对成功与失败?(P97)
13、在合作中竞争,在竞争中合作的关系:(P98)
14、竞争中合作的真谛是什么?(P98)
15、在竞争和合作中如何处理好与他人的关系?(P98)
16、什么是团队精神?
17、团队精神的核心是集体主义,是合作共享,乐于奉献,是个人利益服从集体利益。
第九课 心有他人天地宽
宽容是中华民族的传统美德,也是当代人必备的道德品质。
1、“和而不同”,求同存异,是我们宽容合作的基础。
2、为什么说善于宽容利人利己?(P104)
3、宽容是有原则的,不能盲目。对家人、同学、朋友,不能斤斤计较,而要宽厚待人、与人为善。当然,我们决不迁就“坏人”“恶人”。在原则问题上不能让步。
3、“己所不欲,勿施于人”的含义:P105
4、关心他人、尊重他人、理解他人是“己所不欲,勿施于人”的实质所在。
5、换位思考、与人为善的实质,就是设身处地地为他人着想,即想人所想,理解至上。
6、换位思考是人对人的一种心理体验过程。将心比心、设身处地,是达成谅理解不可缺少的心理机制。
平等是人类追求的永恒主题,尊重是现代文明的基石。
7、对平等的认识:人与人之间的平等,集中表现在人格和法律地位上的平等。在人格上,每个人都是具有独立意识的 主体,都有做人的尊严,都不容轻视。在法律地位上,每个人都平等地享有法定的权利,平等地履行法定的义务。
8、什么是弱势群体?帮助他们,我们能做些什么?
弱势群体是对社会上处于不利地位的人群的总称。如:残疾人、女性、老年人、未成年人。
对待他们,我们首先应平等对待他们,尊重他们的人格尊严;其次,应尽力帮助他们,自觉维护他们的合法权益。
9、尊重他人要求我们做到礼貌待人、平等待人、诚信待人、友善待人,充分理解他人。
10、尊重社会的表现:(P112)
11、尊重自然的核心是保护环境。人类来自自然,人类的生存离不开自然的恩赐,人类有义务尊重自然,否则,就会受到它的惩罚。保护环境是我国长期的基本国策。
第十课 诚信做人到永远
诚实守信是中华民族的传统美德。诚信是为人处事的基本原则。
1、什么是诚信?P115
2、“君子一言,驷马难追”和“人而无信,不知其可也”的含义。(P115、P116)
3、对人守信,对事负责是诚信的基本要求,恪守信用落实到行动上,即表现为一种积极负责的态度。“做老实人,办老实事”是人们崇尚的行为准则。实实在在做事是个人得以立足、事业得以成功的保证。
4、践约守信是我们诚实做人的核心。
5、诚实和信任的关系。(P119)
6、诚信守则
(1)坚持实事求是;
(2)在涉及到利益冲突时,诚信守则要求我们站在多数人利益一边;
(3)在眼前利益与长远利益冲突时,诚信守则要求我们站在长远利益一边;
(4)在情与法的冲突中,诚信守则要求我们站在法律一边。
7、如何处理对人诚实与尊重隐私的关系?(P122)
8、诚信与说谎是水火不相容的。“善意的谎言”是不诚信吗?为什么?(P123)
9、诚信的核心是善。
5、八年级上册英语阅读训练答案
八年级漏前上册英语阅读训练答案
阅读最基本的.要求是能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息。下面是我整理的八年级上册英语阅读训练,希望能帮到大家!
八年级上册英语团腊阅读训练【1】
My name is Max. I am twelve years old. I have many friends. Most of them are as old as I. Some are older. Some are younger.
My best friend is Bill. He lives near me. We go to the same school and we are in the same class. Bill helps me with my maths homework. I help him with his English homework..Bill is taller than me. He is quite fat. He doesn’t like sports, so he doesn’t get much exercise. We both have black eyes, but Bill’s hair is longer. I like sports and I play football or go swimming every day. Every Sunday morning Bill and I play computer games. Sometimes I win. Sometimes he wins.
( )6. The main idea(主题) of the text is ________ .
A. Max has many friends B. Max and Bill go to the same school
C. Max and Bill are best friends D. Max and Bill like the same things
( )7. Most of Max’s friends are ________ .
A. twelve years old B. older than Max
塌搜滑C. younger than Max D. thirteen years old
( )8. Max and Bill live _________ .
A. near each other B. in different towns
C. in the same house D. in the school
( )9. Max helps Bill with __________ .
A. his maths homework B. his English homework
C. His sports lessons D. His computer lessons
( )10. Max and Bill both like to___________ .
A.swim B.play football C.play computer games D.play sports
八年级上册英语阅读训练【2】
A man has a cat. He likes her very much. At mealtime the cat sits at the table with him. The man eats with a knife and a fork, but the cat eats from her plate. Sometimes, when she finishes her dish, her master will give her a bit of his food. He shares his meal with her. One day the cat is not at the table at mealtime.
“Ah! Where is my cat?” asks the man..His wife says, “Can’t you eat without her?”
So the meal begins without the cat. Before lunch is over, the cat rushes into the room and jumps into the chair quickly. She has two mice in her mouth, and before anyone can stop her, she drops(扔下) one into her own plate, and the other into her master’s plate.
“Dear me!” cries the woman, “A mouse is in your plate!”
“Hush(安静)!” says her husband. “This shows that she is a nice cat. She knows what friendship(友谊) is. She wishes me to share her dinner as I often share mine with her.
根据短文内容,判断正误,正确(T),错误(F)。
( )1. The master loves his cat very much.
( )2. The cat always shares her food with her master.
( )3. One day the cat is not at the table at mealtime.
( )4. The cat hurries(匆忙) home with two mice in her mouth when the master and his wife are having lunch.
( )5. The story tells us the cat also loves her master.
八年级上册英语阅读训练【3】
Once there was a little girl in a village. She spent summers on her grandfather’s farm. The year she was four, she knew some cks. The cks were white with orange feet. They lived in a little wooden house near the road. The little girl liked these cks very much.
Every day they walked down the road to the pond(池塘). The cks went into the water. The little girl sat on the bank(岸) and saw them swimming in the pond. The little talked to the cks and they quacked(嘎嘎叫)back.
Then one day the cks were gone. No one would say anything about them. The little was afraid to ask where they were. One night everyone sat down for dinner. The food looked a little like chicken. The girl didn’t want to eat. Can you guess why?
( )16. The story is mainly about _______.
A. eating chicken B. sitting by the pond
C. living on a farm D. cks and a little girl
( )17. The cks were _____________.
A. yellow and orange B. yellow and white
C. white and orange feet D. white and black
( )18. First the little girl _________.
A. didn’t eat B. sat on the bank
C. walked to the pond D. talked to the cks
( )19. At the end of the story, the cks were probably ______
A. under the water B. on the plate
C. in the wooden house D. swimming in the pond
( )20. The little girl didn’t eat because ______
A. she wanted nice cakes B. the food was cks
C. the food was too hot D. the plate was empty Mr Brown never went to see a dentist,because he was afraid,but then his teeth began aching a lot,and he went to see a dentist.The dentist did a lot of work in his mouth for a long time .On the last day Mr Brown said to him,"How much is all the work going to cost?""Twenty-five dollars,"said the dentist .But he did not ask him for the money.After a month Mr Brown phoned the dentist and said,"You didn't ask me for your work .""Oh,"the dentist answered,"I never ask a gentleman for money .""Then how do you live?"Mr Brown asked ."Most gentlemen pay me quickly."The dentist said."But some don't.I waited for my money for two months,and then I say:That man is not a gentleman,and then ask him my money."
( )1.Which word has the same meaning as "phone"?
A.Call B.Give C.Ask D.Thank
( )2. Mr Brown ( )until his teeth began aching a lot.
A.went to see the doctor B.was notafraid
C.didn't see the dintist D.wanted to see the doctor
( )3.( )cost twenty five dollars
A.The first day's work B.Three day's work
C.One month's work D.All the dentist work
( )4.When did Mr Brown give the dentist a call( )first.
A.A long time ago B.After he gave him the money
B.About thirty days later D.About twenty days later
( )5.The dentist said that he never asked( )first
A.a women for money B.the pool for money
B.a gentleman for money D.peope for much money
八年级上册英语阅读训练【4】
Mr. Lewis was a dance teacher. He was a nice man and always had a lot of students. One year he moved to a new town, and was soon teaching many students in the dance school there, but he decided to move again to a big city. He would have more work there.
When one of his students heard that he was going to leave, she said to him, “The new teacher won’t be as good as you are.” Mr. Lewis was happy when he heard this, but he said, “Oh no. I’m sure he’ll be as good as I am ---- or even better.”The student said, “No. Five teachers have come and gone while I’ve been here, and each new one was worse than the last.”
( )11. ______ came to learn dancing from Mr. Lewis.
A few students B. Few students C. Many students D. No students
( )12. Mr. Lewis wanted to move to a big city because _______
A.he hated the small town
B.he couldn’t make a living in the small town
C.it would be easy for him to have more work in the city
D.it made him spend more money in the town
( )13. The student thought that _______
A. Mr. Lewis was a good teacher B. Mr. Lewis was the best teacher
C. Mr. Lewis was worse than the last D. Mr. Lewis would be worse than the last
( )14. Before Mr. Lewis ______ teachers came to the town to teach dancing
A. three B. four C. five D. six
( )15. From the story we can conclude(推论) that the student wished _____
A. to have a better teacher B. to have a worse teacher
C. to become a dance teacher D. to see the sixth teacher
八年级上册英语阅读训练【5】
(A)
Mr Smith made many tests (作试验) with different animals and the monkey was the cleverest of all the animals.
One day Mr Smith put a monkey in a room. He also put some small boxes in it. In one of the boxes there was some food. " How long will it take the monkey to find the food? " Mr Smith said to himself. " Let me wait and see. " He left the room and waited outside. Three minutes later, he put his eye to the keyhole (钥匙眼). What did he see? He saw the eye of the monkey. The monkey was on the other side of the door and looked at Mr Smith through the keyhole.
1. Mr Smith made tests with __________.
A. different animals B. the monkey only
C. all the monkeys D. all of the cleverest animals
2. There was some food in _______ of the small boxes.
A. some B. none
C. one D. each
3. Mr Smith put a monkey and some boxes in a room because he wanted to know___________.
A. how much food monkey could find B. how many boxes the monkey could carry
C. how long it would take the monkey to put its eye to the keyhole
D. how long it would take the monkey to find the food
4. What was the monkey doing when Mr Smith was putting his eye to the keyhole?
A. The monkey was eating food. B. The monkey was looking for food.
C. The monkey was eating on the other side of the door.
D. The monkey was looking at Mr Smith through the keyhole.
5. Mr Smith is a ________.
A. teacher B. scientist (科学家) C. doctor D. farm worker
(B)
Do you need friends? I'm sure your answer is "Yes,of course. Everybody does! " You need friends when you play and when you work. If you have friends, you will feel happy. If you have no friends. you will feel lonely (寂寞的).
Do you know how to make friends? There is only one good way—You make friends by being friendly.
A friendly person is interested in other people. He is always helpful If you want to make friends with a new classmate, you can talk with him, tell him about the other classmates in your class and try your best to be helpful to him.
6. We need friends __________.
A. because we must play with them B. Because we must work with them
C. when we play and when we work D. when we talk with them
7. If we want to make friends, we should __________.
A. be politely to them B. be friendly to them.
C. be afraid of them D. when we talk with them.
8. A friendly person is _________ other people.
A. interested in B. worried about
C. surprised at D. like them
9. If we want to make friends with a new classmate, ___________.
A. we can talk with them B. we must try to help him
C. we can tell him about the other classmates in our class
D. A、B and C
10. Which of the following is true?
A. No one needs friends. B. Everyone needs friends.
C. Only classmates need friends. D. Someone needs friends.
答案:ACDDB CBADB
八年级上册英语阅读训练【6】
In the morning Mr Smith comes into the garden at the back of his house.He sees so much snow in the garden.Mr Smith wants to take his car out,so he asks a man to clean the road from his garage(车库)to the gate.He says to the man,"Don’t throw any snow on that side.It will damage(损坏)the flowers in my garden,and don’t throw any on the other side for it will damage the wall.And don’t throw any into the street,or the policeman will come. Then he goes out.
When he comes back,the path is clean.there is no snow on the flowers, on the wall or in the street.But when he opens the garage to get his car out,he sees,the garage is full of snow.the snow from the path,and his car is under the snow!
( )6.In the morning Mr Smith finds ______is full of snow.
A.his garden B.his garage C.his house D.his car
( )7.he wants a man to clean the road.He _______ .
A.doesn’t like snow at all B. likes the clean road
C.wants to take his car out of the garage D.often asks the man to do something
( )8.Where does Mr Smith tell the man to throw the snow in the garden?
A.On the flowers B.Into the street C.On the wall D.We don’t know
( )9.He opens the garage________.
A.and takes his car out B.and finds it’s full of snow
C.and finds there is no air in D.and takes snow out
( )10Where is Mr Smith’s car?
A.Under the snow from the road B.in the street
C.Near the road D.in front of his house
答案:C B C // B C // A C D B A
八年级上册英语阅读训练【7】
Most people have flown a kite or have seen one ride and dip(下降) in strong spring wind. Not so many people know that kites were first made in China thousands of years ago. The ancient (古代的) Chinese were making and flying kites even before they were writing.
A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in wars. They would fly these war kites in the dark. The kites were fixed (固定) so that they made strange sounds. Men who were at war with them would hear these sounds and run away. They thought those strange sounds were made by gods(神) in the sky.
The ancient Chinese also flew kites to bring good luck and to make their crops(农作物) grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings (细绳) and hooks (钩) to their kites. Then they would fly the kites over water, letting the hooks hang down to catch fish.
The Chinese use sticks(树枝), strings(线) and paper for their kites. Some of these kites look like animals or trees. Others look like birds or houses.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph(段落) is that
A. kites were first made in China
B. most of us have flown or seen a kite
C. the ancient Chinese were making kites before they were writing
D. the ancient Chinese were good at making kites
2. In ancient China kites could be used for ___.
A. catching fish B. helping people fly
C. watering the crops D. helping people walk in the dark
3. The ancient Chinese used kites in wars because the kites ____.
A. could bring good luck B. looked like animals
C. could help them win a war D. could fly high
4. The Chinese usually use ____ for their kites.
A. sticks, strings and grass B. strings, hair and wood
C. paper, strings and sticks D. paper, ropes and hooks
5. What is the best title (题目) of this passage?
A. Lucky Kites. B. Strange Kites. C. Beautiful Kites. D. Chinese Kites.
答案: AACCD
;6、人教版八年级上册英语基础训练第一单元达标测试
Unit 1(Grade eight)
一、单项选誉早择
1. Did you do _______ on your vacation, Alice?
A.anything fun B.fun anything C.something fun D.fun something
2. Did you go _____?
A.interesting somewhere B.somewhere interesting
C.anywhere interesting D.interesting anywhere
3. I went to summer ______.
A.vacations B.day C.vacation D.camp
4. Where did you go _____ vacation?
A.to B.on 隐虚饥 C.for D.in
5. And _______ the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.
A.and B.because C.but D.because of
6. _______ kind girl Jenny is!
A.What B. What a C. How D. How a
7. Did you study ______your test?
A.on B.at C.for D.in
8. —I didn’t bring back anything from Malaysia.
—_______ at all?
A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything
9. She isn’t ________to carry the box.
A.enough strong B.strong enough C.enough young D.Young enough
10. ---Oh, dear, we have____food left.
---don’t worry. I’ll go and buy some.
A.a few B.a little C.few D.little
二、句型转换。
1. I went to New York City. (对划线部分提问)
_______ did you _______ on vacation?
2. I bought something special for my father. (改为一般疑问句)
________ you buy ________ special for your father?
3. I don’t like the man.(改为同义句)
I _______ the man.
4. Everyone had a great time. (改为同义句)
灶返 Everyone _______ _______.
5. The Malaysia yellow noodles were delicious. (对划线部分提问)
________ _______ the Malaysia yellow noodles?
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We ________(take) quite a few photos yesterday.
2. Everything ________(be) excellent.
3. We ________(feed) some hens and saw some baby pigs.
4. There are a lot of new ________(building) now.
5. I really enjoyed _________(walk) around the town.
6. We decided __________(go) to the beach near our hotel.
7. Did you buy __________(something) special?
8. What a __________(different) a day makes!
9. Lucy tried her best________(run) quickly and she did well..
10. Do you keep _______(diary) every day.
四、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
1. We didn’t have an u__________ so we were wet and cold.
2. The food tasted great because I was so h_________!
3. E__________ was on vacation.
4. It was ____________(精彩的).
5. I just stayed at home ________(大多数) of the time to read and relax.
6. My father didn’t bring _________(足够的) money.
7. I _______(想知道) what life was like here in the past.
8. We w________ over an hour for the train because there were too many people.
9. Why didn’t you buy anything for _________(你自己)?
10. What ________(活动) do you find enjoyable?
五、翻译下列句子。
1.昨天你吃什么食物了?
_______ ________ _______ you _______ yesterday?
2.你觉得这次旅行怎么样?
How did you _______ _______ the trip?
3. 似乎没有人感到无聊。
No one _______ _______ _________.
4.我感觉我是一只鸟。
I ________ ________ I was a bird.
5.我们想要走到山顶,天却开始下雨了。
We wanted to ______ _______ ________ ________,but then it started raining a little.
7、部编版政治八年级上册知识点
因为有知识,我们上了太空,我们延长了人均寿命。更因为有知识,我们超出生死,不再疑惑。接下来给大家分享有关部编版政治 八年级 上册知识,希望对大家有所帮助。
部编版政治八年级上册知识1
第一单元 走进社会生活
1.1 我与社会
1、置身社会生活的意义?P4
①人们在社会交往中形成了各种社会关系。②我们会更加关注社区治理,并献计献策;会更加关心国家的发展,或为之自豪,或准备为之分忧。
2、个人与社会的关系是怎样的?P4-5
①个人是社会的有机组成部分。②人的身份是通过社会关系确定的。
1.2在知含社会中成长
1、养成亲社会行为的意义?P8
①有利于我们养成良好的行为习惯,塑造健康的人格,形成正确的价值观念,获得他人和社会的接纳与认可。
②我们只有主动关心社会,积极融入社会、奉献社会,才能实现自己的人生价值。
2、如何养成亲社会行为?★P8
①亲社会行为在 人际交往 和 社会实践 中养成
②主动了解社会,关注社会发展变化,积极投身于社会实践。
③遵守社会规则和习俗,热心帮助他人,想他人之所想,急他人之所急。
2.1网络改变世界
1、网络对我们的敬猛隐日常生活产生了哪些积极影响?(网络是如何丰富日常生活的?)P10
①网络让我们日常生活中的信息传递和交流变得方便快捷。
②网络打破传统人际交往的时空限制,促进了人际交往。
③网络让我们的生活变得更加便利和丰富多彩。
2、网络是如何推动社会进步的?(网络推动社会进步的表现?)P12
①为经济发展注入新的活力。互联网大大促进了人才、资金、技术、物资的流动,已经成为社会生产的新工具、经济贸易的新途径。
②网络促进民主政治进步。老百姓上了网,民意也就上了网。
③网络为 文化 传播和科技创新搭建新平台。互联网打破了地域界限,极大地拓展了文化交流的内容、场合及范围,提高了文化传播速度。
3、网络给我们带来了哪些消极影响?(网络的弊端)P15-16
①网络信息良莠(yǒu)不齐。一些虚假的、不良的信息歪曲事实、误导大众,侵犯他人人格尊严,侵害他人利益,危害社会稳定,造成恶劣影响。
②沉迷于网络,影响学习、工作和生活。
③个人隐私容易被侵犯。各种侵犯个人隐私的行为会给被侵权人造成困扰和伤害,给社会带来恐慌和不安。
4、如何正确认识网络?(为什么说网络是把双刃剑?)★
(1)网络丰富日常生活:①②③(具体见P10)。
(2)网络推动社会进步:①②③(具体见P12)。
(3)网络的弊端:①②③(具体见P15-16)
2.2 合理利用网络
1、如何理性参与网络生活?P17-19
①提高媒介素养,积极利用互联网获取新知、促进沟通、完善自我。
②我们要注意浏览、寻找与学习、工作有关的信息,不应在无关信息面前停留,不应在无聊信息上浪费精力,更不能沉溺于网络,要学会“信息节食”。
③我们要学会辨析网络信息,让谣言止于智者,自觉抵制暴力、色情、恐怖等不良信息。
?自觉遵守道德和法律,做一名负责的网络参与者。
2、怎样传播正能量?P19-20
①我们要充分利用网络平台为社会发展建言献策。
②我们要在网上传播正能量。我们要践行社会主义核心价值观,不断提高网络媒介素养,共同培育健康、向上向善的网络文化,让网络公共空间充满正能量,高扬主旋律。
3、青少年应如何合理运用网络?
理性参与网络生活:①②③④
⑤我们要在网络上传播正能量。
部编版政治八年级上册知识2
第二单元 遵守社会规则
3.1维护秩序
1、生活为什么需要社会秩序?(社会秩序的作用/重要性)P23
①社会正常运行需要秩序。
②社会秩序是人民安居乐业的保证。社会秩序营造良好的社会环境。
2、什么是社会规则?P25
社会规则是人们为了维护有秩序的社会环境,在逐渐达成默契与共识的基础上所形成的。生活中调节我们行为的规则很多,如道德、纪律、法律等。★
3、社亮厅会规则的作用?P25
①社会规则明确社会秩序的内容。规则告诉我们应该如何安排社会生活各方面的关系;如何作为社会一员,享有权利,承担责任,处理好与他人社会的关系,从而使大家各司其职,各安其位,各尽其责,各得其所。
②社会规则保障社会秩序的实现。社会规则明确了,当有人破坏秩序时该如何处罚,从而保障社会的良性运行,对违反社会规则行为的处罚具有法律纪律等规定的强制 措施 ,也有道德风俗等包含的非强制性手段。
3.2 遵守规则
1、自由与规则的关系是怎样的?/如何看待自由与规则的关系?★P27
①社会规则规定了自由的边界。自由不是随心所欲,它受道德、纪律、法律等社会规则的约束。
②社会规则是人们享有自由的保障。人们建立规则的目的不是限制自由,而是保证每个人不越过自由的边界,促进社会有序运行。违反规则、扰乱秩序的行为应当受到相应的处罚。
2、如何自觉遵守规则?★P28-29
①遵守社会规则需要他律和自律。 遵守社会规则,既需要监督、提醒、奖惩等外在约束,即他律,又需要自我约束,即自律。自律就是严于律己,不断自我反省,克服已经发现的不良习惯,做到自觉遵守规则。
②遵守社会规则,需要我们发自内心地敬畏规则,将规则作为自己行动的准绳。
3、我们应该如何维护规则?P30
我们要坚定维护规则,一方面要从自身做起,自觉遵守规则;另一方面要在保护自身安全的前提下,提醒、监督、帮助他人遵守规则。
4、改进规则的原因/为什么要改进规则?P31
规则不是一成不变的。随着社会发展和社会生活的变迁一些原来没有的规则,需要制定;一些原有的规则不合理,需要废除;一些原有的规则不适应新变化,需要调整和完善。
5、如何改进规则?P31
我们要积极参与规则的改进和完善,善于与他人沟通交流、寻求共识,积极为新规则的形成建言献策,使之更加符合人民的利益和社会发展的要求。
4.1尊重他人
1、为什么要尊重他人?P32-34
①尊重即尊敬、重视。尊重他人是一个人内在修养的外在表现。
②每个人都是有尊严的个体,都希望得到他人和社会的尊重。
③尊重使社会生活和谐融洽。尊重是维系良好人际关系的前提,是文明社会的重要特征。
2、如何做到尊重他人?P35
①积极关注、重视他人。尊重他人,需要考虑他人感受,认真对待他人,给予他人应有的、适当的关注,而不是冷落、忽视他人。
②平等对待他人。我们每个人在人格和法律地位上都是平等的。平等待人要求我们发自内心的尊重他人人格,对所有的人一视同仁。社会生活中,我们不能以家境、身体、智能、性别等方面的原因而轻视、歧视他人。
③学会换位思考。在人际交往中,我们要设身处地地为他人着想,不把自己的意志强加给别人;应该将心比心,体会他人的感受,理解他人的难处,包容他人,像尊重自己一样尊重他人。
?学会欣赏他人。我们要善于发现发现他人的潜质和特长,真诚地欣赏和赞美他人的优点和闪光点,给予他人积极的评价。让我们学会彼此欣赏,共同进步。
4.2以礼待人
1、礼的含义是什么?P37
礼体现一个人的尊重、谦让、与人为善等良好品质,社会生活中,主要表现在语言文明、仪表端庄、举止文明等方面。
2、为什么要待人礼为先?★P37-39
①文明有礼是一个人立身处世的前提。文明有礼是一个人思想道德素质、科学文化素质和交际能力的外在表现。文明有礼会使人变得优雅可亲,更容易赢得他人的认可。
②文明有礼促进社会和谐。文明礼貌是处理是处理人与人之间关系、维系社会成才生活的一种道德行为规范,是沟通人与人之间情感的桥梁。诚恳、谦逊、平等、友善、倾听的态度,能够给对方亲切感、受尊重感,有助于人们友好,增进人们团结友爱,有利于形成安定有序、文明祥和的社会。
③文明有礼体现国家形象。我国素来有“礼仪之邦”的美誉,在与外国人交往的过程中,我们的一言一行都体现了国家形象。
3、如何做一个文明有礼的人?P39-40
①做文明有礼的人,要态度谦和,用语文明。
②做文明有礼的人,要仪表整洁、举止端庄。良好的举止放映我们高雅的气质。
③做文明有礼的人,需要在社会生活中不断学习、观察、思考和践行。我们要从小事做起,从细节做起,努力做一个学礼、明礼、守礼的人。
4.3诚实守信
1、诚信的含义:诚信就是诚实、守信用。★
2、诚信有什么重要意义?P41-43
①诚信是社会主义核心价值观在公民个人层面的一个价值准则,是一种道德规范和品质,是中华民族的传统美德。诚信也是一项民法原则。
②诚信是一个人安身立命之本。诚信是我们融入社会的“通行证”。一个人真诚老实、笃守诺言,无论走到哪里都能赢得信任。
③诚信是企业的无形资产。
?诚信促进社会文明、国家兴旺。国无信则衰,社会成员之间以诚相待、以信为本,能够增进社会互信,减少社会矛盾,净化社会风气,促进社会和谐;能够降低社会交往和市场交易成本,积累社会资本;能够提高国家的形象和声誉,增强国家的文化软实力。
3、怎样做一个诚信的人?★P43-45
①树立诚信意识。我们要真诚待人,信守承诺,说老实话、办老实事,做老实人。
②运用诚信智慧。 社会生活是复杂的,我们有时会面临两难的选择。当尊重他人隐私与对他人诚实发生冲突时,我们应遵循伦理原则和法律要求,权衡利弊,做到既恪守诚实的要求,又尊重他人隐私。
③珍惜个人的诚信记录。个人诚信体系和社会信体系日益受到重视,个人诚信激励和失信惩戒机制不断完善,守信者处处受益,失信者处处受限。
5.1法不可违
1、什么是违法行为?P48
违法行为是指出于过错违反法律、法规的规定,危害社会的行为。
2、违法行为的种类有哪些?★p48
根据违反法律的类别,违法行为分为民事违法行为、行政违法行为和刑事违法行为。
①民事违法行为:指违反民事法律规范,应当承担民事责任的行为,如欠债不还的行为。
②行政违法行为:指违反行政法律规范,应当受到行政处分或行政处罚的行为,如扰乱社会治安的行为。
③刑事违法行为:指违反刑事法律规范,应当受到刑罚处罚的行为,如故意杀人的行为。
民事违法行为和行政违法行为对社会的危害相对轻微,称为一般违法行为。
3、身边违法行为的主要表现?P49
①谎报险情,破坏铁路封闭线、殴打他人等行为都是违反治安管理处罚法的行政违法行为。
②民法用规定权利和义务的方式来规范平等的社会成员之间的关系,侵犯他人民事权利或者没有依法履行合同义务,都是较为典型的民事违法行为。
4、怎样自觉遵守法律?★p51
①我们要认识一般违法行为的危害,自觉依法规范自己的行为。
②在社会生活中,要分清是非,增强守法观念,严格遵守治安管理的法律规定。
③在社会交往中,要依法从事民事活动,积极防范民生侵权行为和合同违法行为,既要维护自己的权益,又要尊重他人的权益,促进社会健康和谐发展。
5.2预防犯罪
1、刑法的作用?P52
刑法是惩治犯罪、保护国家和人民利益的有力武器。它明确规定了什么行为是犯罪,以及对犯罪应当处什么样的刑罚。
2、犯罪含义及基本特征是什么?。★P53
(1)含义:根据刑法规定,犯罪是具有严重的社会危害性,触犯了刑法,应当受到刑罚处罚的行为
(2)特征:★3个特征:严重社会危害性(最本质特征)、刑事违法性(法律标志)、 应受刑罚处罚性(必然法律后果)。
3、刑罚的含义及分类?P54
(1)含义:刑罚又称为刑事处罚、刑事处分,是指审判机关依法对犯罪分子适用的最严厉的强制性法律制裁 方法 ,以限制或剥夺犯罪人权益为主要内容。
(2)分类:根据我国刑法的规定,刑罚分为主刑(管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑、死刑)和附加刑(罚金、剥夺政治权利、没收财产、驱逐出境)两大类。
4、如何加强自我范防?★P55-56
①我们作为社会成员,要珍惜美好生活,认清犯罪危害,远离犯罪。
②预防犯罪,需要我们杜绝不良行为。
③我们应增强法治观念,依法自律,做一个自觉守法的人
5.3善用法律
1、遇到侵害怎样依法求助?P57-59
①在遇到法律问题或者权益受到侵害时,我们可以通过法律服务机构来维护合法权益。
②受到非法侵害,可以寻求国家的法律救济。
③如果受到非法侵害后采取其他方式不能解决问题,或者认定只有通过诉讼途径才能维护合法权益,我们就要使用诉讼手段,通过打官司讨回公道。
2、诉讼的含义?P59
诉讼是人民法院在诉讼当事人参与下,依照法定程序解决纠纷和冲突的活动。诉讼是处理纠纷、应对侵害最正规、最权威、最有效的手段,是维护合法权益的最后屏障。(特点)
诉讼通常分为三种类型:民事诉讼、行政诉讼、刑事诉讼。
3、青少年如何做到有勇有谋应对违法犯罪?P60-61
①同违法犯罪作斗争,是包括我们青少年在内的全体公民义不容辞的责任。当国家、公共利益、本人或他人的权益受到不法侵害时,我们要敢于并善于依法维护正当权益。
②在面对违法犯罪时,我们不仅要勇于斗争,而且要善于斗争,在保全自己,减少伤害的前提下,巧妙地借助他人或社会的力量,采取灵活机智的方式,同违法犯罪作斗争。
③我们要积极弘扬社会主义法治精神,形成守法光荣、违法可耻的观念,做到自觉守法、遇事找法、解决问题靠法,努力成为一名社会主义法治的忠实崇尚者、自觉遵守者和坚定捍卫者。
4、同违法犯罪作斗争的常见方法:P61
①及时拨打110报警电话或争取其他成人的帮助;
②虚张声势,与违法犯罪分子巧妙周旋;
③记住违法犯罪分子的体貌特征;
④了解违法犯罪分子的去向;
⑤保护好现场和各种证据。
部编版政治八年级上册知识3
第三单元 勇担社会责任
6.1 我对谁负责 谁对我负责
1、责任的含义和来源?P65
含义:责任是 一个人分内应该做的事情。
来源:责任来自对他人的承诺 、职业要求、道德规范、法律规定等。
2、为什么角色不同就责任不同?P66
每一种角色都意味着承担相应的责任。作为子女,孝敬是父母我们的责任;作为学生,遵守学校纪律、认真学习是我们的责任;作为社会的一员,我们应该遵守社会规则、维护公共秩序;作为中华儿女,我们应该做到“位卑未敢忘忧国”,心系祖国的前途和命运。
3、对自己负责的表现及意义?P67
表现:在我们成长的过程中,小到按时完成作业、为自己的一次约定守时,大到终身信守承诺 、认真做事,都是对自己责任的表现。
意义:只有对自己负责的人,才能使自己的潜能得到充分挖掘和发挥,才能资格、有能力、有信心承担起时代和国家所赋予的使命。
4、他人为我们负责的意义?★P68-69
很多人在为我们的成长和幸福承担着责任。有的人离我们很近,有的离我们很远;有的我们很熟悉,有的我们甚至永远不知道他们的名字。
如果没有他们的付出,没有他们履行各自承担的责任,很难想象我们的生活会变成什么样。只有人人具有责任心,自觉履行应尽的责任,我们才能共享更加幸福美好的生活。
6.2 做负责任的人
1、承担责任的代价与回报是什么?P71
代价:承担责任都会感受到责任沉甸甸的分量。承担责任不仅意味着付出时间、精力和金钱,而且意味着可能因为做得不好而受到责备,甚至受到处罚。
回报:承担责任往往伴随着获得回报的权利,这种回报。既包括物质方面,又包括精神方面。更重要的是精神方面的回报,如良好的自我感觉、获得新的知识和技能、赢得他人的尊重和赞许。
2、如何学会作出自己的选择并承担相应的责任?P71
在很多情况下,我们可以选择自己承担的责任。我们既然选择了自立自强的人生,就应该有勇气凭借自己的 经验 和智慧,对承担责任的代价与回报作出正确的评估,作出最合理的选择。我们一旦作出选择,就应该义无反顾地担当起应负的责任。
3、为什么说我承担我无悔?P72
①虽然有些应该做的事情不是我们的自愿选择,但是我们仍然应该自觉承担相应的责任。我们往往无法改变自己在工作和生活中的位置,但可以改变我们对待自己应该做的事情的态度。
②只要我们把它们当作一种不可推卸的责任担在肩头,全身心地投入,同样能够把事情做得出色。
4、自觉承担责任的意义?P72
在我们的周围有许许多多履行社会责任却不计代价和回报的人。
正因为有他们敢于承担责任,敢于担当,我们的生活才更加安全,更加温暖,更加充满阳光和希望。
5、怎样自觉承担责任?P73
无论何时何地,我们都应该努力提升自身素质,增强履行责任的能力,勇于承担责任,在激扬青春、开拓人生、奉献社会的进程中书写无愧于时代的壮丽篇章。
7.1关爱他人
1、关爱的含义及重要性?P75-76
含义:关爱,就是关心爱护。
重要性:关爱无时不在,无处不在,关爱传递着美好情感,给人带来温暖和希望,是维系友好关系的桥梁。
2、关爱他人的意义?P76-77
①对社会:关爱是社会和谐稳定的润滑剂和正能量。关爱使人们在交往过程中互谅互让,相互尊敬,与人为善,增进信任,有利于形成良好的人际氛围,促进社会文明进步。
②对他人:关爱他人,收获幸福。从一定意义上说,关爱他人也是关爱和善待自己。
3、如何关爱他人?P78-79
①关爱他人,要心怀善意。当他人遇到 困难时,我们应该在道义上给予支持,物质上给予帮助,精神上给予关怀。
②关爱他人,要尽已所能。关爱不分大小,贵在有爱心。
③关爱他人,要讲究策略。帮助他人时,要考虑他人的内心感受,不伤他人的自尊心,增强安全防范意识和自我保护意识。
7.2服务社会
1、为什么要服务社会?/服务社会的原因?P81
①服务社会体现人生价值。只有积极为社会作出贡献,才能得到人们的尊重和认可,实现我们自身的价值。
②服务社会能够促进我们全面发展。在服务社会的过程中,我们的视野不断拓展,知识不断丰富,观察、分析、解决问题的能力以及人际交往能力得到提升,道德境界不断提高。
1、怎样做到服务和奉献社会?P83
①服务和奉献社会,需要我们积极参与社会公益活动。可以在社区、公园、车站等公共场所纠正不文明行为,可以到科技馆、博物馆做志愿者。
②服务和奉献社会,需要我们热爱劳动, 爱岗敬业 。我们要努力学习,增强劳动观念,培养敬业精神,学会全力以赴、精益求精、追求卓越,为将来成为合格的社会主义建设者做好准备。
3、参加社会公益活动应注意什么?P83
①环境保护、社区服务等都是社会公益活动的具体形式。
②无论无论参加哪种形式的社会公益活动,我们都要从实际出发,讲求实际效果。
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